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Archives of Clinical Neuropsychology Advance Access first published online on June 23, 2009
This version published online on August 27, 2009
Archives of Clinical Neuropsychology, doi:10.1093/arclin/acp027
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© The Author 2009. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the National Academy of Neuropsychology. All rights reserved. For permissions, please e-mail: journals.permissions@oxfordjournals.org.

Spanish Multicenter Normative Studies (NEURONORMA Project): Methods and Sample Characteristics

Jordi Peña-Casanovaa,b,*, Rafael Blesac, Miquel Aguilard, Nina Gramunt-Fombuenab, Beatriz Gómez-Ansóne, Rafael Olivaf, José Luis Molinuevog, Alfredo Roblesh, María Sagrario Barqueroi,{dagger}, Carmen Antúnezj, Carlos Martínez-Parrak, Anna Frank-Garcíal, Manuel Fernándezm, Verónica Alfonson, Josep M. Soln for the NEURONORMA Study Team

a Section of Behavioral Neurology and Dementias, Hospital del Mar, Barcelona, Spain
b Behavioral Neurology Group, Institut Municipal d'Investigació Mèdica, Barcelona, Spain
c Service of Neurology, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Barcelona, Spain
d Service of Neurology, Hospital Mútua de Terrassa, Terrassa, Spain
e Radiology Department, and IDIBAPS, Hospital Clínic, Barcelona, Spain
f Service of Genetics, Hospital Clínic, Barcelona, Spain
g Service of Neurology, Hospital Clínic, Barcelona, Spain
h Service of Neurology, Hospital Clínico Universitario, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
i Service of Neurology, Hospital Clínico San Carlos, Madrid, Spain
j Service of Neurology, Hospital Virgen Arrixaca, Murcia, Spain
k Service of Neurology, Hospital Virgen Macarena, Sevilla, Spain
l Department of Neurology, Hospital Universitario La Paz, Madrid, Spain
m Service of Neurology, Hospital de Cruces, Bilbao, Spain
n European Biometrics Institute, Barcelona, Spain

* Corresponding author at: Section of Behavioral Neurology and Dementias, Hospital del Mar, Institut Municipal d'Assistència Sànitaria, Biomedical Research Park Building, Carrer Dr. Aiguader, 88, 08003 Barcelona, Spain. Tel.: +34-933160765; fax: +34-933160723. E-mail address: jpcasanova{at}imas.imim.es (Jordi Peña-Casanova).


  Abstract

This paper describes the methods and sample characteristics of a series of Spanish normative studies (The NEURONORMA project). The primary objective of our research was to collect normative and psychometric information on a sample of people aged over 49 years. The normative information was based on a series of selected, but commonly used, neuropsychological tests covering attention, language, visuo-perceptual abilities, constructional tasks, memory, and executive functions. A sample of 356 community dwelling individuals was studied. Demographics, socio-cultural, and medical data were collected. Cognitive normality was validated via informants and a cognitive screening test. Norms were calculated for midpoint age groups. Effects of age, education, and sex were determined. The use of these norms should improve neuropsychological diagnostic accuracy in older Spanish subjects. These data may also be of considerable use for comparisons with other normative studies. Limitations of these normative data are also commented on.

Keywords Age factors; Demography; Educational status; Normative data; Neuropsychological tests/standards; Reference values

Accepted: April 15, 2009

Updated to correct text in the abstract.

{dagger} Deceased.


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