Archives of Clinical Neuropsychology Advance Access first published online on July 18, 2009
This version published online on August 6, 2009
Archives of Clinical Neuropsychology, doi:10.1093/arclin/acp037
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White Matter Abnormalities and Cognition in a Community Sample
a Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
b Department of Psychology, University of Maryland, Baltimore County, Baltimore, MD, USA
c Geriatric Research Education and Clinical Center, Baltimore Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Baltimore, MD, USA
d Russel H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
e Olin Neuropsychiatry Research Center, Hartford Hospital/Institute of Living, Hartford, CT, USA
f Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
* Corresponding author at: Johns Hopkins Hospital, 600 N. Wolfe St., Meyer 218, Baltimore, MD 21287-7218, USA. Tel.: +1-410-614-6341; fax: +1-410-955-0504. E-mail address: dschret{at}jhmi.edu (T.D. Vannorsdall).
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Abstract |
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White matter hyperintensities (WMH) can compromise cognition in older adults, but differences in sampling, WMH measurements, and cognitive assessments contribute to discrepant findings across studies. We examined linear and nonlinear effects of WMH volumes on cognition in 253 reasonably healthy adults. After adjusting for demographic characteristics and total brain volumes, WMH burden was not associated with cognition in those aged 20–59. In participants aged 60 and older, models accounted for 
58% of the variance in performance on tests of working memory, processing speed, fluency, and fluid intelligence, and WMH volumes accounted for variance beyond that explained by age and other demographic characteristics. Larger increases in WMH burden over 5 years also were associated with steeper cognitive declines over the same interval. Results point to both age-related and age-independent effects of WMH on cognition in later life and suggest that the accumulation of WMH might partially explain normal age-related declines in cognition.
Keywords White matter hyperintensities; Aging; Cognition; Cardiovascular disease
Accepted: June 18, 2009
Updated to correct author's name.
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