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Archives of Clinical Neuropsychology Advance Access published online on August 6, 2009
Archives of Clinical Neuropsychology, doi:10.1093/arclin/acp043
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© The Author 2009. Published by Oxford University Press. All rights reserved. For permissions, please e-mail: journals.permissions@oxfordjournals.org.

Spanish Multicenter Normative Studies (NEURONORMA Project): Norms for the Stroop Color-Word Interference Test and the Tower of London-Drexel

Jordi Peña-Casanovaa,b,*, Sonia Quiñones-Úbedab, Nina Gramunt-Fombuenab, María Quintanab, Miquel Aguilarc, José Luis Molinuevod, Mónica Serradelld, Alfredo Roblese, María Sagrario Barquerof,{dagger}, Maria Paynof, Carmen Antúnezg, Carlos Martínez-Parrah, Anna Frank-Garcíai, Manuel Fernándezj, Verónica Alfonsok, Josep M. Solk, Rafael Blesal and for the NEURONORMA Study Team

a Section of Behavioral Neurology and Dementias, Hospital del Mar, Institut Municipal d'Assistència Sanitària, Barcelona, Spain
b Institut Municipal d'Investigació Mèdica, Barcelona, Spain
c Service of Neurology, Hospital Mútua de Terrassa, Terrassa, Spain
d Service of Neurology, Hospital Clínic, Barcelona, Spain
e Service of Neurology, Hospital Clínico Universitario, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
f Service of Neurology, Hospital Clínico San Carlos, Madrid, Spain
g Service of Neurology, Hospital Virgen Arrixaca, Murcia, Spain
h Service of Neurology, Hospital Virgen Macarena, Sevilla, Spain
i Department of Neurology, Hospital Universitario La Paz, Madrid, Spain
j Service of Neurology, Hospital de Cruces, Bilbao, Spain
k European Biometrics Institute, Barcelona, Spain
l Service of Neurology, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Barcelona, Spain

* Corresponding author at: Institut Municipal d'Investigació Mèdica, Biomedical Research Park Building, Carrer Dr. Aiguader, 88. 08003 Barcelona, Spain. Tel.: +34-933160765; fax: +34-933160723. E-mail address: jpcasanova{at}imas.imim.es (J. Peña-Casanova).


  Abstract

As part of the NEURONORMA project, we provide age- and education-adjusted norms for the Stroop color-word interference test (SCWT)-Golden version and the Tower of London-Drexel University version (TOLDX). The sample consists of 344 and 347 participants, respectively, who are cognitively normal, community dwelling, and ranging in age from 50 to 90 years. Tables are provided to convert raw scores to age-adjusted scaled scores. These were further converted into education-adjusted scaled scores by applying regression-based adjustments. Demographic variables, age, and education significantly affect scores of the SWCT and TOLDX, sex, however, was found to be unrelated to performance in this sample. The normative data presented here were obtained from the same study sample as all the other NEURONORMA tests. In addition, the same statistical procedures for data analyses were applied. These co-normed data allow clinicians to compare scores from one test with all tests.

Keywords Demography; Educational status; Reference values; Color perception; Reading; Problem solving

Accepted: June 29, 2009

{dagger} Deceased.

The members of the NEURONORMA.ES Study Team are listed in the Appendix.


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