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Archives of Clinical Neuropsychology Advance Access published online on November 25, 2009
Archives of Clinical Neuropsychology, doi:10.1093/arclin/acp094
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© The Author 2009. Published by Oxford University Press. All rights reserved. For permissions, please e-mail: journals.permissions@oxfordjournals.org.

Influence of Procedural Learning on Iowa Gambling Task Performance Among HIV+ Individuals with History of Substance Dependence

Raul Gonzaleza,*, Margaret Wardleb, Joanna Jacobusc,d, Jasmin Vassilevaa and Eileen M. Martin-Thormeyera,e

a Department of Psychiatry, University of Illinois-Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
b Department of Psychiatry, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
c Department of Psychology, San Diego State University, San Diego, CA, USA
d Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Diego Joint Doctoral Program in Clinical Psychology, San Diego, CA, USA
e Jesse Brown VA Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA

* Corresponding author at: Department of Psychiatry, University of Illinois-Chicago, 1601 W. Taylor St MC 912, Chicago, IL 60622, USA. Tel.: +1-312-413-5956; fax: +1-312-413-8147. E-mail address: rgonzalez{at}psych.uic.edu (R. Gonzalez).


  Abstract

HIV+ individuals have been shown to demonstrate deficits on the Iowa Gambling Task (IGT), a complex measure of "decision-making." Little remains known about what other neurocognitive processes may account for variability in IGT performance among HIV+ samples or the role of procedural learning (PL) in IGT performance. A sample of 49 HIV+ individuals with a history of substance use disorders was examined to explore the relationship between IGT performance and three measures of PL: The Rotary Pursuit, Mirror Star Tracing, and Weather Prediction tasks. We found no statistically significant relationships between IGT performance and any of the PL tasks, despite finding significant correlations among the PL tasks. This pattern of results persisted when analyzing IGT performance in various ways (e.g., performance on earlier trial blocks or impairment classifications). Although other nondeclarative processes (e.g., somatic markers) may be important for IGT performance, these findings do not support PL as an important component neurocognitive process for the IGT. Similarly, these results suggest that differences in PL performance does not account for the decision-making deficits or variability in performances observed on the IGT among HIV+ individuals with a history of substance dependence.

Keywords HIV; Substance use disorders; Nondeclarative memory; Implicit memory; Decision-making; Basal ganglia; Orbitofrontal cortex; Executive functions

Accepted: October 29, 2009


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