Archives of Clinical Neuropsychology Advance Access originally published online on March 12, 2009
Archives of Clinical Neuropsychology 2009 24(1):11-19; doi:10.1093/arclin/acp005
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Neuropsychological Consequences of Boxing and Recommendations to Improve Safety: A National Academy of Neuropsychology Education Paper
a Chicago Neuropsychology Group and Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
b Long Island Neuropsychology, P.C., Ronkonkoma, NY
c Weill Medical College of Cornell University, New York, NY, USA
d University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlotesville, VA, USA
e University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
f University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
g University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
h New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
i Psychological and Neurobehavioral Associates, Inc., State College, PA, USA
* Corresponding author at: Chicago Neuropsychology Group, 333 North Michigan Avenue, Suite 1801, Chicago, IL 60601, USA. Tel.: +312-345-0933; fax: +312-345-0934. E-mail address: r-heilbronner{at}northwestern.edu (R.L. Heilbronner).
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Abstract |
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Boxing has held appeal for many athletes and audiences for centuries, and injuries have been part of boxing since its inception. Although permanent and irreversible neurologic dysfunction does not occur in the majority of participants, an association has been reported between the number of bouts fought and the development of neurologic, psychiatric, or histopathological signs and symptoms of encephalopathy in boxers. The purpose of this paper is to (i) provide clinical neuropsychologists, other health-care professionals, and the general public with information about the potential neuropsychological consequences of boxing, and (ii) provide recommendations to improve safety standards for those who participate in the sport.
Keywords Boxing; Brain damage; Neuropsychological evaluation
Accepted: January 2, 2009
The Policy and Planning Committee (Shane S. Bush, Jeffrey T. Barth, Grant L. Iverson, Ronald M. Ruff, Donna K. Broshek) of the National Academy of Neuropsychology (NAN) is charged with writing position and educational papers regarding important issues that affect the profession of Neuropsychology. Possible topics for the papers are suggested by the NAN Board of Directors, members of the NAN Policy and Planning Committee, or individual Academy members. Primary authors are identified and approved by the NAN Policy and Planning Committee. These authors can come from within or outside the Policy and Planning Committee. Selected outside reviewers provide extensive peer review for all papers. All topics and the final paper submissions are reviewed and approved by the NAN Board of Directors. This process of review and approval takes the place of the system of peer review typically conducted by the Editor and Editorial Board of this journal.